Rootstocks for the Mediterranean citrus industry: current choices and new releases

Marco Caruso [Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Acireale (Catania), Italy]
Alessio Giuffrida [Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy]
Stefano La Malfa [Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy]

Modern citriculture relies on the use of rootstocks to guarantee adaptability to environmental and biotic constraints and to speed up the establishment of a potentially unlimited number of homogeneous plants of a specific clone, which in turn ensures uniformity in the production of high-quality fruit. In this contribution, the status of rootstock availability for the Mediterranean citrus industry is described along with its evolution during the last decades. The major turning points in rootstock choice were caused by the spread of new diseases, such as Citrus Tristeza Virus (CTV), that hastened the use of resistant or tolerant rootstocks. In Italy, the growers decisions on rootstock replacement were facilitated by information from rootstock trials performed for more than 70 years in several areas of southern Italy, as well as information from other countries. However, there is still the need to find alternatives to sour orange (which was the most commonly used rootstock before the CTV outbreak), especially for cultivation under suboptimal growing conditions. Nowadays, the process of replacing standard rootstocks with new ones with better performance should be assisted by a long-term evaluation strategy, since negative characteristics can become evident after many years of evaluation in combination with specific scion varieties. Ongoing rootstock breeding programs in different parts of the world and in Italy are critically described.

DOI: 10.26353/j.itahort/2024.1.0117

Keywords: propagation, breeding, scion-rootstock interaction, tristeza, abiotic constrains, fruit quality

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Caruso, M., Giuffrida, A. and La Malfa, S. (2024) 'Rootstocks for the Mediterranean citrus industry: current choices and new releases' , Italus Hortus, 31(1), pp. 01-17. doi: 10.26353/j.itahort/2024.1.0117