In the mid-1980’s grape production in California was largely dominated by a single trellis system, plant density and row orientation. This paper examines how vineyard design and grape training/trellising systems have changed during the past two decades, as well as how canopy management practices and other cultural manipulations including irrigation management and mechanization have been successfully implemented. Higly integrated vineyard production system, in which anticipated site vigor and vine capacity are the primary considerations for design and management, have developed as a result.